{"id":432,"date":"2020-12-14T11:17:20","date_gmt":"2020-12-14T11:17:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/?page_id=432"},"modified":"2022-04-21T22:06:53","modified_gmt":"2022-04-21T22:06:53","slug":"measurement-of-foot-shape-and-deformation-2-2-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/?page_id=432","title":{"rendered":"Measurement of 3D wrist kinematics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In sports such as tennis and golf, knowledge of wrist kinematics can be beneficial for improving performance or reducing the risk of injury. Numerous studies have attempted to capture wrist kinematics but no common method for marker locations or segment definitions has emerged, making comparisons between studies difficult. In additon, measures of wrist axial rotation have either been too large with respect to the physiological limits of the wrist joint, or neglected and not reported at all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aim<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The aim of the project was to investigate the effect of modifying the wrist tracking marker set and Cardan sequence on 3D wrist kinematics. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Approach<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Wrist kinematics compared for a range of different marker set solutions applied to golfers using an optoelectronic motion capture system (Vicon). <\/li><li>Six participants performed free movements of flexion\/extension, radial\/ulnar deviation and forearm supination\/pronation, with a further sixteen participants performing golf drives.<\/li><li>Wrist kinematics calculated using the six different Cardan sequences (XYZ, XZY, YXZ, YZX, ZXY, ZYX)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Findings<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Modifying the tracking marker set and\/or Cardan sequence can have a significant effect on the wrist angles generated about all three anatomical axes<\/li><li>Marker sets which dynamically track the forearm using multiple proximally located markers, appear to produce large values of axial rotation which is not anatomically appropriate<\/li><li>A solution of two distal and one proximal forearm tracking marker appears to best represent the rotation of the forearm and, consequently, wrist joint; however, the location of the proximal forearm marker can have a large influence on both the tracking ability of the marker set and the resulting kinematics generated<\/li><li>A newly developed marker set, which uses a virtual marker located at the elbow joint centre as the proximal forearm tracking marker demonstrated the best tracking ability and was considered to generate the most meaningful wrist kinematics, thus, is recommended for use in future research<\/li><li>When using this newly developed marker set, either the XYZ or XZY Cardan sequence is recommended to quantify wrist kinematics during the golf swing<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Publications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jsams.org\/article\/S1440-2440(19)30749-2\/fulltext\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.jsams.org\/article\/S1440-2440(19)30749-2\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Turner, J., Forrester, S.E., Mears, A.C., Roberts, J.R. (2020). The influence of tracking marker locations on three-dimensional wrist kinematics. <em>Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport<\/em>, 23(10), pp. 985-990.<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/widgets.figshare.com\/articles\/12668459\/embed?show_title=0\" allowfullscreen=\"\" width=\"1500\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Researchers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:22% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"963\" height=\"963\" src=\"https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0875a.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-514 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0875a.jpeg 963w, https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0875a-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0875a-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0875a-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0875a-330x330.jpeg 330w, https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0875a-96x96.jpeg 96w, https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0875a-648x648.jpeg 648w, https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/IMG_0875a-192x192.jpeg 192w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 963px) 100vw, 963px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Josh Turner<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/repository.lboro.ac.uk\/articles\/thesis\/The_effect_of_golf_club_inertia_on_the_golfer_club_interaction\/14664681\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/repository.lboro.ac.uk\/articles\/thesis\/The_effect_of_golf_club_inertia_on_the_golfer_club_interaction\/14664681\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Turner, J. (2021). The effect of golf club inertia on the golfer\u2013club interaction. PhD Thesis.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gallery<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" src=\"https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC6284-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-614\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC6284-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC6284-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC6284-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC6284-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC6284-2048x1363.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC6284-648x431.jpg 648w, https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC6284-1848x1230.jpg 1848w, https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/DSC6284-289x192.jpg 289w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In sports such as tennis and golf, knowledge of wrist kinematics can be beneficial for improving performance or reducing the risk of injury. Numerous studies have attempted to capture wrist kinematics but no common method for marker locations or segment definitions has emerged, making comparisons between studies difficult. In additon, measures of wrist axial rotation &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/?page_id=432\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Measurement of 3D wrist kinematics<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":616,"parent":178,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/full-width-page.php","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-432","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=432"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":644,"href":"https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/432\/revisions\/644"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/178"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jonroberts.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}